Odisha HRD

20 Writeup

• 1. Sanjoy Das  |  April 12th, 2008 at 11:59 am

  The subject of locations for educational institutions have always been a divisive issue with us Oriyas, particularly those hailing from Western and Southern Orissa.

  But I have always opined that the only logical choice for the location of our own Orissa IIT is Bhubaneswar. An IIT is Berhampur or Burla or anywhere else would languish. (Why, even IIT Guwahati is unable to find good faculty. Any NRI professor would certainly consider an IIT position in Bhubaneswar, but I can’t personally think why someone would want to go anywhere else in Orissa.

• 2. Digambara  |  April 12th, 2008 at 8:33 pm

  During an interaction with an IITian professor last year I got a feeling that many academicians prefer IIT and world class central universities near to a major airport and cities. This is also reflected in recently announced world class universities. There is a misconception among academicians in India that for better performance institutes have to be located in cities. But its not always true. Despite all these IIT Kharagpur and IIT Roorkiee have done well. There is a research center in Kareikudi. I know many NRI are joining this institute and many best brains even from far south India are joining IIT Guwahati as faculties (unless some guy has 2 options he/she might have preferred the other).

  Important thing for Orissa now is not the location but the central government politics. Since there are many proposed IIT it would be like first come first basis. The general election is in next year. I hope IIT would not meet a fate like AIIMS BBSR or IOC proejct at Paradeep. Orissa government has to make a fast track proposal to the central government and move fast for IIT and two central universities in Orissa the way Andhra Pradesh proceed for its IIT.

  If our academicians are thinking similar to the report on KOTA, then it will be also hard to convince central government for an IIT other than BBSR unless there is a political pressure. In my opinion location wise whether Sambalpur, Berhampur or Balasore will not make much difference than capital city as they all are well connected by NH (within 250 km except Samabalpur which is 300km) and by railway (few hours travel) with BBSR. Places which are far away or not well connected like Rourkela, Nabarangpur, Jeypore, Keonjhargarh, Bhawanipatna, Nuapada, and Balangir might make a difference. However, Orissa politics is more divided based on north, south and west regional politics than our geographical need.

  One advantage of BBSR is that if we consider Orissa as a half circle at least we could roughly imagine BBSR as its center point. To minimize regional politics it would be wise to directly connect Baripada (some way already connected), Keonjhragarh, Rourkela, Balangir, Bhawanipatna (Nurapada), Koraput (Nabarangpur/Malkangiri) and focus these towns (except Rourkela) with similar kind of developments like Sambalpur, Balasore or Berhampur instead of looking at these towns as representation of a particular region. Otherwise politicians will love to divide based on west, north, south regions for their vote banks.

  For more regional distribution of national institutes in Orissa, we could also work for a regional center of tribal university in Koraput (though Koraput & Rayagada are industrilized tribal are still backward, so educational institute related to them and on their life would impact a lot to local community), a DRDO institute in Balasore, converting UCE to an IIEST or NIT (in case UCE gets an IIEST status then another NIT in South Western region based on location of one of the proposed universities).

  We should also work for four Centers among the proposed 50 Center for training and research in frontier areas such as Bio-Technology (Berhampur Univ), Bio-Informatics (Utkal Univ.), Nano-Tecnologies (Sambalpur Univ.), Nano-Materials (North Orissa Univ.), if we will ask 4 then we may get approve for two in Orissa.

• 3. Chitta Baral  |  April 12th, 2008 at 9:11 pm

  Dear Digambara:

  I agree with a lot of what you say. We had an interesting exchange on the location issue at http://groups.google.com/group/OrissaToday/browse_thread/thread/26034516b265623e
  (I will send you another write-up off line.) Following is an edited version of it.

  *X*: When Orissa demanded a NISER or I.I.T and C.U sighting deprivation of the state in higher education institutions, did we become anti-Indian? So, why people want to put it under carpets and brush it aside when it comes to the same inside our own state. Why it is being made out that talking about a particular place is not in the interest of the state? I believe a time has come when Orissa should also think about a balanced and just distribution of institutions for higher studies by proposing the names of left-out regions and places though ensuring a reasonable amount of infrastructure and security concerns need to be kept at the back of our mind . A healthy discussion on this subject should be encouraged rather than shying away from discussion over the issue.
  I posted a topic for south orissa in the post-railway budget discussion on the distribution of resources for railway infrastructure in our state. Of the 933 crores earmarked for Orissa (which I feel should have been more), the southern region got 15 crores (10 crore for Naupada-Gunupur and 5 crore for Rayagada-Koraput) or 2% of the total fund allocated for the state and that too for a region which is supposed to be at the bottom of railway infrastructure. I don’t know how others percieve it, but it will be criminal if knowingly I shut up my mouth. If speaking on this is what called as not in the interest of the state, I feel we have got it all wrong.

  *Me*: There were 5 IISERs, 8 IITs and 30 central universities in play. So asking one for Orissa, even if it may not be as competitive a location
  will not have that much of an impact on India as a whole.

  There is only one IIT for Orissa. So its location and its success/failure will have a huge impact on Orissa.

  A proper discussion on the location can only happen if people are willing to think beyond their home town or home district. Some are but others are not. Many don’t care whether the IIT becomes a third rate institution because of a poor location, as long as it is in their preferred place (for whatever reasons). That is why I am afraid of joining this debate. There are also many people who did not do much when some of us (you, Manoj, etc.) were campaigning hard for an IIT. Now they want it in their backyard. Who am I to tell people your home town is not a good location. Many will not be objective and will come up with all kinds of logic and it will just create unnecessary strife.

  After seeing this, even though I have some thoughts on possible locations, I was trying to stay out of debating about specific locations. Where ever it happens in Orissa, I am happy, and I will support it; I will not join one group or other who are campaigning for their home town or campaigning that the institution they graduated from becomes an IIT so that they can call themselves an IIT graduate. (They won’t say that in public of course.)

  If one wants to seriously discuss a location he/she has to start from the criteria of a good location and then use those criteria to narrow
  down the location.

  Following that one can start from the existing known locations of other IITs and think about where in Orissa can an IIT be competitive with these locations. Otherwise Orissa will only have an institution that is called an IIT but that will in reality be worse than many NITs.

  From that list they probably should eliminate the Bhubaneswar area as it already is flush with many upcoming and existing institutions; especially since it is getting a world-class central university.

  [Below I give the locations of the existing IITs. Think for yourselves which location can compete with them for faculty. Think about if some non-Oriya gets an offer from an IIT in Orissa in location X and some of the other IITs where will that person go. Otherwise the faculty in IIT Orissa will be either Oriyas or non-
  Oriyas who could not get a position in any of the other IITs (may be except IIT Patna). Start from there. ]

  Next issue: Undergraduate students in an IIT will come from all over India. However at the graduate level more local population can get in through various schemes. One must think which locations in Orissa will lend to more people from Orissa availing the opportunity to pursue a graduate degree? If an IIT is established in one of those locations then it will have a big impact in Orissa. [Hint: Engineering college faculty are encouraged to pursue M.Tech and Ph.D. If they are more qualified it has impact on their colleges. Where are those colleges in Orissa? There are 51 such colleges now and at least 29 more are in the pipeline. Which location outside of Bhubaneswar will allow these college teachers to pursue M.tech/Ph.D easily?]

  etc.

  (Perhaps one additional data-point may make some people more objective: Orissa will get 1 of the 20 new IIITs, and for that a location has been mentioned publicly by Mr.Chandrasekhar Sahu. Since most states already have IIITs in their major cities, my guess is that the new IIITs in other states will not be in their major cities.)

  cheers
  Chitta

  The existing IITs and IISc and their locations are:
  * IIT Bombay, in a metro and the capital of Maharashtra
  * IIT Madras, in a metro and the capital of Tamilnadu
  * IIT Kharagpur, in Kharagpur (popln. 500,000), 116 kms from the Kolkata metro area and the capital of West Bengal
  * IIT Kanpur, in a metropolitan area (Kanpur’s population is 3.4 million), and 77 kms, from Lucknow (population 2.9 million), the capital of UP
  * IIT Roorkee, 55 kms from Dehradun (population 709,240), the capital of Uttarakhand
  * IIT Guwahati, in a metropolitan area (population 1 million), the capital of Assam
  * IIT Delhi, in a metro and the capital of India
  * IISc Bangalore, in a metro, and the capital of Karnataka

  In regards to the proposed IITs, some of their locations have been
  announced. Those are:

  * IIT Hyderabad, in Medak district adjacent to Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh (60 kms from the Hyderabad airport)
  * IIT Patna, between Bihta and Koliwar, less than 50 kms from Patna airport; Patna (population 2.5 million) is the capital of Bihar
  * IIT Indore, in the metropolitan area of Indore which has an IIM. (Population of Indore is 2 million; it has an airport with Air Deccan, Indian, Jet, Jetlite and Kingfisher flying to it.)
  * IIT Varanasi, in the metropolitan area of Varanasi (population 1.5 million, has an international airport with Spice Jet, Indian, Jet and Kingfisher, Air India and Cosmic Air flying to it), has BHU

• 4. Pratyusa  |  April 13th, 2008 at 12:37 am

  We should be thinking about how the location is going to benefit the IIT, and not so much how the IIT is going to benefit the location. A good location is going to be very crucial for top-notch faculty recruitment. Looking at the recruitment over last 3-4 years, forget about Guwahati, even Kanpur finds it hard to attract good faculty compared to the likes of Bombay and Delhi. The same thing happens in the US too; a school like CMU loses out to competition because it is in Pittsburgh. We seem to underestimate the impact of location, time to wake up.

• 5. Marttand Deo  |  April 13th, 2008 at 9:39 am

  let the Orissa government come up with all possible proposed location and facility and leave it to central govt, for a final decission.

  Marttand Deo
  New Delhi

• 6. Chitta Baral  |  April 13th, 2008 at 12:22 pm

  Some relevant comments on this are also at
  http://www.orissalinks.com/?p=1047#comments
  and
  http://www.orissalinks.com/?p=1051#comments

• 7. Digambara  |  April 13th, 2008 at 2:20 pm

  Dear Prof Baral,
  Thank you for your enlighting comments. What you say is absolutely correct. In Orissa we are getting more regional insecurity and few people think if we are talking about a place then its regionalism. Despite all these, as you say, it has to be a balance otherwise it will bring danger to the integrity of the state. Additionally some regional poltical parties have already started putting the debate on location of IIT in their favour. A small miscalculation may go against our state’s cause.

  Recently when I was emailing few local people in Kalahandi for a university there, I received various kinds of comments, in fact some are very much strange and surpising to me. To share with you one dramatic shift is:

  Two years back Koshal movement was unanimpoulsy rejected in Kalahandi, even many media reported it. But to my surprise now not any more. Recently when state government chose Koraput as KBK head quarter for which many local (undivided Kalahandi) politicians were fighting for, now things look different. Personally I do not think KBK head quarter is important for undivided Kalahandi’s development rather I prefer a university, but politicians do misuse it. Now a particular group brainwash local people saying that “if KBK head quarter were located in Koraput people from a particular region could manipulate it as most of the intelecutlas in Koraput, Jepore region are not local tribals but from those region settled in these towns and thats why even though Kalahandi was geographically more suited Koraput was chosen.”

  The story is baseless, but it gives a large regional flavour/impact for short sighted politicians and half-educated people, unfortunatley, in Orissa we can have many such people.

  To a great releif, unlike few other western districts many intelectuals in Kalahandi are not buying these ideas, at least, at this point of time. I hope it will not buy in future too.

  With best regards
  Digambara

• 8. Biswanath  |  April 14th, 2008 at 12:18 pm

  This has happened in the past too. We sought before the central government that we are backward showing the poor districts of KBK and South Orissa but when it comes to locating them in those places we feel that there is only one place in Orissa and that is our capital. This is ridiculous. With this attitude no doubt our capital will grow but Orissa will suffer. If having an Airport is the only reason for having an IIT, then why can’t the state govt. think of 3-4 airports in Orissa through PPP. First the state would hesitate to do anything outside the state capital and again this is sighted as a reason for not locating the centers of excellence in those places. IITs at Roorkee or Kharagpur etc. are not located in mega cities but are doing quite well. So, how far it is correct to say that the IIT in Orissa will suffer if it is not located in Bhubaneswar. This policy is only meant for perpetuating underdevelopment rather than solving it.

• 9. R. K. Ghosh  |  April 15th, 2008 at 1:30 pm

  I think the discussion on location of IIT getting skewed by the need for balancing development versus the reality of ground situation. I think a best analogy could be if you have a small piece of butter and spread it over a number of bread slices, you can not get the taste of butter at all. A different analogy could be money begets money. You can not create wealth out of nothing. Similarly, if IIT is located at a place where accessibility is low, recruiting good faculty will be very big problem. Consequently, the institute will be nonstarter from the beginning. I consider a good classification of institutes could be as follows:
  1. Top-tier: Those with good students and good faculty
  2. Middle-tier: Those with good students but mediocre faculty
  3. Bottom-tier: Those with mediocre students and mediocre faculty
  Only type 1 institutes have possibility of achieving a brand equity like IITs have achieved. In this connection, as I have pointed out earlier (http://www.orissalinks.com/?p=1051#comments) IIT Roorkee take ages to come upto level of other IITs. Admittedly IIT Guwahati has done well because it is located at the state capital. Yet from from point of view of student enrollment, it falls behind IIT Roorkee and even behind IT BHU. IIT Guwahati also experiences difficulty in retaining good faculty. Whatever IIT Guwahait has been able to do is only because of its proactive director. Orissa have some additional problem as far as infrastructure is concerned. More about this can be found in Orissa infrastructure links. I think with both IIT Hyderabad and IIT Ahemadbad scheduled to get operational around the same time, it will be doubly difficult for IIT Orissa to attract good faculty if the location is more inaccessible or under provided in terms of infrastructure than others. The reason why Kota is rejected by MHRD is not because of any such consideration as I have stated above, but because Kota falls under constituency of CM of Rajasthan. The political consideration for location IIT Orissa could be designed in likewise manner unless Govt and people of Orissa realize the ground situation. In fact, I am told IIT Guwahati was initially planned at a place called Missa (about 60 Km from Guwahati). But better sense prevailed later. So my request to every one to make sure that location is considered by inclusion of unrealistic parameters, but only with a view of having a class one institute. Make sure that IIT Kharagpur, IIT Kanpur, IIT Madhyapradesh all becomes feeder for IIT Orissa rather than other way round.

• 10. alok  |  April 17th, 2008 at 4:36 pm

  Hi All,
  I am really surprised that people in the state of Orissa are so worried to get an IIT in place.But friends as per my knowledge i feel that the existing NIT at Rourkela can be converted into an IIT as it has each and every facility in place which an IIT requires.
  Rather then demanding for an IIT we can demand for this as it will give the center a reason to think upon.We know that the center is least interested when it comes to Orissa.So lets go ahead and give them this offer.And for the NIT we can always convert UCE Burla into NIT once NIT Rkl is given the IIT status.
  And friends i believe going ahead with this idea dont have any draw back as Rkl is well connected by rail and road.And now even the flight services have started.And as usual resources available are at par one of the best in the country.MAKE SENSE friends

• 11. Chitta Baral  |  April 17th, 2008 at 8:18 pm

  So Alok, If NIT RKL has everything needed for an IIT, why do we need to convert it. By making a new IIT we will have two marquee institutions instead of just one NIT converted to an IIT.

  If the central govt. is giving enough money for a new IIT, any suggestion of conversion is mainly the wish of students/alumni who now want their institute/almamater to be called an IIT and them to be called an IITian.

• 12. Viswas  |  April 18th, 2008 at 7:56 pm

  As far as Institutes for Higher Education are concerned; when we talk of South Orissa there is absolutely a blank, except the poor Berhampur University. Is this the so called justice on the ground of which we were fighting with the central government, crying for distributive justice for an underdeveloped state like ours.

  If we look at the regional distribution of technical and Higher education in Orissa the situation of its southern region is pathetic. Till date there is not a single govt. engineering college in the region comprising 10 districts. But for a few pvt. Engineering colleges, Berhampur University has been saved from the dubious distinction of a University without an engineering college under it, which it held till 1996, which is shameful for the state of Orissa.

  People looked up to REC Rourkela (Now NIT) and UCE Burla till a few years ago to go for technical education. Now BPUT has been established at Rourkela . In the recent past, Bhubaneswar has made its presence felt with as many as 7 Universities (Utkal, Culture, OUAT, Ravishankar, Law, ICFAI, and Vedanta etc.), NISER, I.I.I.T, AIIMS and 2 Deemed Universities apart from the recently announced Word Class University .

  Yes, North Orissa to some extent needs higher education institutes, which has only two recently created universities to its name. But, being close enough to IIT-Kharagpur, it must be compensated with an NIT at Baripada or Balasore. Making UCE Burla an IIEST, should also be the demand of Orissa before the center. But, denying South Orissa an IIT, which it truely deserves on its merit, is unethical and will leave the already backward region in a state of hopelessness. Let all Orissa loving hearts speak up for distributive justice to make Orissa developed from all corners.

• 13. Chitta Baral  |  April 18th, 2008 at 9:11 pm

  Berhampur should be a top candidate for one of the 21 new IIITs coming out of MHRD or one of the 10 NITs (if Orissa gets one). See http://www.orissalinks.com/?p=1074

  The union minister Mr. Chandrasekhar Sahu had earlier mentioned about having the IIIT in Berhampur. See http://www.orissalinks.com/?p=304

• 14. Viswas  |  April 19th, 2008 at 3:41 pm

  Berhampur to have an NIT is not a bad idea but the clause which is attached to it (if Orissa gets one) is self explanatory. That means out of the 3 centrally funded institutes announced recently Berhampur is not eligible for any one and the people may have to fight for another decade for some thing to happen. If this is our approach towards distributive justice then I am afraid whether we are really working towards building 2-3 more national level hubs in orissa apart from BBSR to place the state among the best. In this regard only Bihar would be compared with Orissa as they have also no other city to look up to apart from Patna the way we have no second to Bhubaneswar, resulting in huge migration from the state.

  No IIT or IIM in India is located in a secluded place, but in cities and towns how ever big or small it may be. Because, an IIT would house not less than 5000 people, and they can’t be expected to travel 100 kms for petty things like for shopping or for a restaurant or for some entertainment. Now if we talk about Cities then we can think of only 4 places in orissa at the moment (BBSR, Berhampur, Rourkela, Sambalpur). Plainly speaking Rourkela having an NIT can’t be given an IIT. Sambalpur has only UCE but it has the prospects of getting elevated to a IIEST(Besides when the sanction is for a Greenfield IIT, why should we think of upgradation). Bhubaneswar, though has many institutions, the fact that an extension campus of IIT Kharagpur may come to the city and also an IIM standard management institute can come here in the future and considering that a WCU is specially meant for Bhubaneswar, locating an IIT there would not be prudent (though location wise there is no problem in BBSR), as South Orissa has the least, in the centrally funded institutions category. Now when we talk of South Orissa, Berhampur is an obvious choice, because given a little push it will give a tough challenge to Visakhapatnam of AP in every respect. Also Berhampur may not be too close to Bhubaneswar, but it is not too far away either. An IIT some 20-30 kms from Berhampur would reduce the distance to 150 kms, which is not a big deal. Population wise Berhampur has approx. 6 lakh population including its urban aglomorations, which is not huge, but the city on the sides of sea and its connectivity are its positive factors.

  I believe an IIT at Berhampur would help build a chain reaction across the underdeveloped districts of the state and the IIT will definitely turn out to be a center of excellence, which Orissa and its people can be proude of.

• 15. Chitta Baral  |  April 19th, 2008 at 7:48 pm

  Viswas:

  Two things:

  (i) What about IIIT in Berhampur? Mr. Chandrasekar Sahu has already mentioned it and is pushing it. With the third STP at Berhampur, since the other two (BBSR and RKL) STPs have enough institutes around it, Berhampur is a natural first choice for IIIT.

  With 21 new IIITs proposed the chance of Orissa not getting one is almost zero.

  Once that is announced in Berhampur you can no longer claim that South Orissa does not have a premiere engineering college. Of course South Orissa, that includes KBK, is vast and it can do with more.

  (ii) For the reason Kota, with more than 2 times the population of Berhampur, and a much bigger Railway hub is not being accepted,
  (Check: http://trainyatra.com/arrival_departure.php?step=1&station_name=Brahmapur
  and
  http://trainyatra.com/arrival_departure.php?station_code=KOTA)
  Berhampur may not be acceptable to the central govt. So the best alternative for people pushing for Berhampur is to use the proximity to Bhubaneswar as a criteria and try to have it as close to Berhampur as possible.

  To me, it is most likely to happen 50-60 kms from Bhubaneswar like it is happening in Patna and Hyderabad.

  Under those circumstances the best that can happen (for Berhampur) is to have it in the Bhubaneswar-Berhampur corridor and push it as close to Berhampur as possible and use the argument of building a Berhampur-Bhubaneswar corridor.

  But you may try hard to have it in Berhampur and so will people from other places like Keonjhar etc. etc. and who knows in which direction it will end up.

  The bottom line is that an IIT will not be competitive if it is too far from the necessary amenities (which at present is only available at Bhubaneswar) and central govt. does not want its money to go partially to waste. How far is far is a question that will be answered by the central and state govt.

  But everyone is free to make their case.

  best wishes

• 16. Viswas  |  April 21st, 2008 at 12:51 pm

  The centers refusal for KOTA as a location is nothing to do with the size of the city and it is more to do with politics which everyone knows, otherwise the selection of the location for IIT purely rests on the state government and there is no such tag as the size of the city, though any state govt. would like to refer the best location for this keeping in mind its own internal equations. Ofcourse, Kharagpur which is 120 kms from Kolkata doesn’t have an airport till day and its population is around 3 lakh at present, but it has an IIT since 1950. Urbanisation has to viewed for different states differently. The number 3 city of Maharashtra has a population of 22 lakhs, thrice that of our state capital. But when compared in terms of institutes BBSR has a larger concentration of institutes than Nagpur. So, if we fix population as a criteria the state is bound to suffer, as this is a pointer towards underdevelopment and the basis on which Orissa fought for centrally funded institutes.
  Now to put it differently, there is no guarentee that an institute located in BBSR will turn out to be the best. Where does Utkal University stand among the Universities in India? So, our policy response should be radically different than at present if we plan to emerge on the national map. First, we have to believe in our own Cities and their strengths rather than doubting them. BBSR, RKL, BAM all are among the top 100 cities of India and that is reason enough to support them to grow in to bigger clusters so that they become destinations for our youth and not cities like Surat or Visakhapatnam.

• 17. Chitta Baral  |  April 21st, 2008 at 1:14 pm

  One may check population numbers at

  http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=80&geo=-104&srt=npan&col=aohdq&msz=1500&pt=a&va=x&srt=pnan

  Bhubaneswar: 1 636 216
  Kharagpur: 503 701
  Brahmapur: 389 830

• 18. Viswas  |  April 21st, 2008 at 3:23 pm

  Bhubaneswar: 658,220
  Berhampur: 307,792
  Kharagpur: 272,865
  Source: http://www.citypopulation.de/India.html

  Note: Berhampur is the only city where agglomeration has not been counted in census. Many parts of the city still come under different panchayats as the area of the city has not been revised since 1971. Example: Berhampur University doesn’t come under Berhampur Municipality. Acc. to news paper reports the current population of Berhampur (Including Chatrapur, Gopalpur and 15 panchayats) is around 6 lakh. Example: There is a panchayat called Nimakhandi with a population of 30,000 in Berhampur city which is not under its Municipal limits. So, Berhampur is a victim of wrong methods of estimation and that must be viewed logically. Anyways, intention is just to clarify things and nothing else.

• 19. Chitta Baral  |  April 21st, 2008 at 8:41 pm

  Viswas:

  It will help a lot in making your case if you can find some place with the population of greater Berhampur. Try to find it.

  The bigger numbers are always helpful in making such a case.

  cheers

• 20. Viswas  |  April 22nd, 2008 at 7:13 pm

  “No problem can be solved from the same level of consciousness that created it.” – Einstein. If we think that the backwardness of certain pockets of our state is because we didn’t give them as much importance as we should have given, the way of resolving it can’t be the same old approach. This is the time to give hope to people and to sell the idea that we are also on the national map for some good reason so that they get the courage to banish inferiority.
  Expectations have skyrocketed in every part of India in the post-liberalisation era. This is one kind of hunger and is the right fodder for developing entrepreneurship. The state just needs to give a big-push and the take off will be automatic. An IIT at Bhubaneswar may do little good for the growth of the city, but an IIT at Berhampur will have a tremendous bearing on the city and the region as a whole. The proposals from other locations of the state should not be viewed as a fight for the slice, rather it is healthy a competition. If apart from the state capital any other location comes with a better proposition, both location, communication and climate wise, all need to be considered with an index. We can’t leave the matter to the conscience of the state government, which has more often failed than delivered.
  The Index
  Variables Berhampur BBSR Burla Rourkela
  Rail 1 1 1 1
  Road 1 1 1 1
  Air port 0 1 0 0
  Moderate
  climate 1 0 0 0
  Part of under-
  developed
  region 1 0 1 1
  Absence of
  marquee
  institutions 1 0 1 0
  Absence of
  Technical
  Institution 1 0 0 0
  case for
  up- gradation
  or Greenfield 1 1 0 0
  Total 7 4 4 3